Botanical Study on Early Cretaceous Coal-Bearing Strata in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia, China

Jun 2Journal of China University of Mining &. TechnologyVol 12 No. 1Botanical Study on EarlyCretaceous Coal-Bearing Stratain northeast china andInner mongolia, ChinaMEl Mei-tang(梅美棠)Department of Resource Exploitation Engineering. CUMT, Beijing 100083, P.R. ChinaAbstract: Study on the fossil plants and the palynological assemblage is the basic botanical research on the coalbearing strata. The practice indicate that comprehensive data from the study on the fusinized wood fossil, thephyterals and the analysis of dispersed cuticles will effectively improve the level of the study on the coal-bearingKey words: fossil plants: palynological assemblage; fusinized wood fossil phyterals dispersed cuticlesCLC number: P 52 Document code a Article ID: 1006-1266(2002)01-0012-03sils and phyteral are rich and well preservedDistribution of Early Cretaceous CoalTable 1 Composition of the fossil plantsBasins in chinaHuolinhe Coal fieldClassificaPercentage ofChina is rich in coal resources. Early CretaBryopl11.43ceous is an important accumulative period in thegeological history in China. The coal basins mainly distribute in the heilongjiang Province, JilinFilices(20)28.57)65.71Provincening Province and the Inner Mogolia in China, concentrating on the west side ofGinkgopsida(20)8.57Daxinganlhe south part of Songliao Plain(1.43)and the Sanjiang plain29100%2 Botanical Study in Early CretaceousThe fossil plants include five groupsCoal-Bearing StrataBryophyta, Ferns, Cycadophytes, Ginkgophytes2. 1 Fossil plants 1( Huolinhe Coal Field, Inner and Conifers. The number of genus and species ofMongoliathe fossil plants are plenty. According to theHuolinhe Coal Field is a typical one in the number of genus, the main plants of the fossilwest side of Daxinganling. The Early Cretaceous plants are Cycadophytes, Ginkgophytes Conifersoal-bearing strata (the lower coal-bearing Mem- and Ferns. Ginkgophytes and Ferns dominate theber)are complete in sequence. It consists of sandH中国煤化工tone, siltstone, clay and coal seam(23 in total 2.CNMHGbIage(Liaoyuan Coaland 8-13 minable). Total thickness is 486 mField, JilinFossil plants, in-situ cuticles, fusinized wood fos-Based upon the observation of more than 20Received date: 2001-08-15BiograplFHxfi-tang(1931-), female, from Guangdong Province, professor, engaged in the research on Carboniferous-Permiatand Early Cretaceous coal-bearing strata, fossil plants and peat-forming plants in ChinMEI Mei-taBotanical Study on Early Cretaceous Coal-Bearingslices and the statistics of 362 grains, the palyno- the conifers in the floralogical assemblage of 22 genera are discovered 2. 4 Phyterals(Huolinhe Coal Fieldfrom the lower coal-bearing Member of ChanganThe phyteral of root, stem, leaf, and seedFormation. The playnological content is as fol- are identified in the coal slices of the lower coalbearing Member of Huolinhe Cola Field. FungiGymnosperm pollenand algae exist too. Fungi appears in each coalPseudopinus69%seam. The shape of sclerotium is nearly roundPinuspollenites10.2and elliptic in common, diameter 80-300 umPiceaepollenites4.4%Piceites6.6%The shape, size, and number of mesh in the scle3.9%otium are various The width of fungal spore iseconPinacease(gen. et sp, indet.11.3%25-45 um and the fungal spore contains 5-15Inaperturopollenitescells. The length of the cell is 30 um and each cellPsophosphae3.9%is connected by a pore It indicates that Fungi arTaxodiaceaeCerebropollenites4.7%one of the components and play the biological role1.1%in the floraPodo8%%2. 5 Dispersed cuticles 3(Fuxin Coal FieldClassopollis2.8%Liaoning1.4%he dispersed cuticles are numerous and var-1.4%lous in types in the Early Cretaceous coal-bearing11.33%strata in Fuxin Coal field. Based on the identification and the statistics of dispersed cuticles, the0.28%Cyathidites3.9%3.3%phytes, Conifers and Cycadophytes correspond0.55%with the fossil plants in each layer.Bryophyta spore1.7%Furthermore, according to the data of disphagnumsporites1.7%persed cuticles Ginkgophytes is rich and exists inthe upper part of taiping Member. But fossilof the palynologicalplant of ginkgophy2. 2. 1, it consisted of Bryophyta, Member in the coal field. The dispersed cuticlesFerns, and Gymnosperms. 2. 2. 2, the gym- analysis is an useful method for understanding theoosperm pollen is dominant. 2. 2. 3, the typical composition and the quantity of the floraEarly Cretaceous element is Cicatricosis porite2.2.4, sphagnum porites is an important index t3 Conclusionthe paleoenvironmentBased on the study of the fossil plants, paly2.3 Fusinized wood fossil(Huolinhe Coal Field) nological assemblage, fusinized wood fossil, anal-The fusinized wood fossil was collected fromysis of dispersed cuticles and the phyteral fromhe coal seam (No. 14 and No. 17). After wood the coal slices, the composition of flora of earlyossils were processed by chemical method the Cretaceous peat swamp are recognized as Fungispecimens were observed with SEM. TheGYH中国煤化工erns, Cycadophytestransversal, radial and tangential section of theCNMHGwere well preserved. Two generahe vegetation structure of peat swamp isPodocarporylon and Phyllocarpoxylon are identi- obvious. The algae and the element offied. The research on the fusinized wood fossil Bryophytes-Sphagnums porties flourished in thenot only i5 the level in the identification of swamp. The large pinnate leaf ferns and the shortthe conifers but also enriches the composition of stem Cycadophytes mainly distributed in the low-Journal of China University of Mining & TechnologyVol. 12 No. 1er land. The arborescent Ginkgophytes and cal research on the coal-bstrata. BecauseConifers occupied in the highland. As to the Fun- we extended the research field, applied the moregi it had different living forms. The stout wooden advanced technology, obtained information fromtree Ginkgophytes and Conifers were the mainly the coal and coal seam and paid attention to thepeat-forming plants in the Early Cretaceous. Ac- connection with different subjects, the botanicalcording to the feature and composition of the flora study on the coal-bearing strata has been effeche climate was subtropical, moist and hot during tively improved. Thus, the vegetation feature ofEarly Cretaceouspeat swamp could be restored completely. ItStudy on the fossil plants and the palynologmeaningful for the analysis of coal-forming envical assemblage is the basic and important botanironment and paleoclimateReferences1]梅美棠,崔金钟,內蒙古霍林河煤田霍林河组下含煤段成煤植物分析匚]·中国煤田地质,194,6(1):19-212]胡上生,梅美棠,吉林辽源早白垩世含煤地层植物化石研究[J].植物学通报,2000.17(专辑):210-2173]刘俊杰,梅美棠.阜新煤田早白垩世阜新组煤层中分散角质层的研究[].煤炭学报,1991,16(3):77-85中国煤化工CNMHG