Research of Degumming Process, Microstructure and Properties of Mulberry Fiber

170Journal of Donghua University (Eng. Ed. ) Vol. 24. No. 2 (2007)Research of Degumming Process ，Microstructure and Properties ofMulberry FiberZHANG Zhi-liang(张之亮) , ZHANG Yuan- ming(张元明)，YU Chong wen(郁崇文)，YU Hong-qin (喻红芹)College of Tertiles, Donghua Universily. Shanghai 201620, ChinaAbstract: More and more novel nature fibers are used infibers were studied. As a kind of no pollution andtextiles. The natural fibers include banana fiber. pineappledegradable pollutant fiber. the exploitation of mulberryfiber and bamboo fiber etc. In this paper, as a kind of novelwill accord with the world's current and audapt well tonatural fiber, mulberry fiber is studied. The chemicalpeople's requisition for enjoying life, which is of realcomponent of mulberry bast is tested and analyzed.significance.Meanwhile, the degumming method and process of mulberrybast are studied. Chemical degumming experiments tc1 Experimentalinvestigate the influence of alkali concentration, alkaliboiling time and sodium phosphate tribasic ratio to materialThe basts of mulberry were collected in June of 2004.are conducted. Consequently， optimum parameters areThe chemical components of mulberry bast were measuredobtained. The crystallinity of mulberry fiber is tested byaccording to the method of GB5889 - 86. Chemicalusing X-ray line， and the photos of scanning electrondegumming method was adopted and experiments weremicroscope (SEM) are observed. Testing results of the fiberdesigned to find the optimum parameter.properties (e. g. fineness, tenacity, length and elongation)Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) was used to observeshow that mulberry fiber can be spun blend with cotton.Key words: mullerry fiber; degunwming process; micrustructurethe surface and section of the degummed mulberry fibers.The fiber diameter was determined with the help ofand propertiesSEM photos. The fiber length was measured by USTER-CLC number: TS 102.2 Document code; AALMERTER100. Fiber strength and elongation instrumentArticle ID: 1672 - 5220(2007)02 - 0170- 03XQ- 1 was used for measuring the tensile property of thefiber. The gauge length and drawing speed were kept at 10Introductionmm and 20 mm/min, respectively. The test for thefineness of the fiber was carried out according to cuttingPlant fibers have been used in many ways fratio method.thousands of years. At the beginning of the 20th century,Diffraction data were obtained using the computerhowever, they were pushed to the background by artificialcontrolled X-ray diffractometer (type D/ max-B, JEOL,fibers made from petrochemical source material.Japan). Measuring conditions were: kV, 40; start angle,Considering the limited availability of petroleum, and the6'; target, Cu (Ni filtered); mA，40; stop angle, 36";problems of waste disposal, as well as for economic andscanning speed, 8" /min.ecological reasons, more attention is paid to plant fibers.More and more novel nature fibers are used in textiles. The2 Results and Discussionnatural fibers include banana fiber [1, pineapple fiber andbamboo, fiber etc. The history of mulberry planting andAccording to GB5889 - 86 (the method of quantitativesilkworm breeding is old-line in China. The outcome andanalysis of ramie chemical components)， the chemicalexport quantum of the silk are the first in the world for acomponents of the mulberry bist were gained. The resultslong time. When people plant mulberry and breedare shown in Table 1.silkworm, lots of mulberry branches are clipped out. Thebranches are used as firewood and the material of paperTable 1 Chemical components of the bust of mulberry (%)now. In this paper, a new utilization of mulberry bast isWatenHemi-WaxesPectinLignin Cellulosestudied. Mulberry fibers can be obtained from mulberry中国煤化工bust. The optimum parameters of chemical degumming7.0432.48were found and properties and microstructure of mulberryMYHCN MH G_Received date: 2006-08- 20Biography: ZHANG Zhiliang (1980 -), male, PhD candidate. E-mail: zhangzhiliang@mil. dhu. edu. cn.Joumal of Donghue University (Eng. Ed.) Vol. 24. No.2 (2007) 171Because the mulberry bust that wias used had not theFig.2 shows the cross section featurc. there is sheathprocess of scraping green ramie bust, the chemicalaround fiber.degumming of mulberry may tiake such process route:The physical properties of mulberry were tested aindsumple preparation →ucid steeping →wushing 一firstshown in Table 2.alkali liquor degumming - * washing . second alkali liquorTable 2' Physical property of mulberry fiberdegumming - wushing →beating - + ucid wishing-Single fiberBundle fiber .washing→dchydration →oiling- + dehydration-- Tenacity Elongloosing→drying. Through the results of experiments, theFiberLength Width FapLenglh Fimeness(cN/ tionoptimum parameters were made out in the second alkali(mm) (pem)of length(cm) (tex)tex) (%)to widthliquor degumming by regression analysis. Those parumetersare as follows: the concentration of alkali is 14. 59 g/L.Mulbery 5-20 10-22 90.9- 2.7- 0.7-15-29 4-6.3the time of ulkali boiling is 96. 03 min, and the percent ofsodium phosphate tribasic is 5. 50% .The properties of mulberry fiber show that theThe surface and section feature of degummed mulberrytenacity and fineness are close to that of cotton, but theyfibers was studied on the photomicrograph of degummedare lttle inferior to that of cotton, theretore, the mulberryfiber. Fig. 1 is the SEM photographs of the surface featurefiber is expccted to be spun blended with cotton.of the degummed mulberry fiber.The X-ray diffraetogram of the mulberry fiberFig.1 shows the surface feature of the degummedcellulose sample is shown in Fig. 3.mulberry fiber, obvious crakes were found on the surface.7000002s 0004000营300101 10T2 0001ekU x2, e0e 10 1e82 13/JAN/85(a) X2000015203303540Fig. 3 XRD pattern of mulberry fiber celluloseThe degree of crystallinity was determined from theratio of the integrated crystalline scattering to the totalscattering, both crystalline and amorphousta. The meancrysallite size of a powder composed of relatively perfectcrstalline particles can be determined with the familiarScherrer equationf!]I, The index of rsallinity can be10kU xa.500 SHT 1882;13/JAN/85calculated by Segal equation'). The results are shown in(b) X3500Table 3.Fig. I SEM photomicrographs of the degummedTable 3 Microstructure of mulberrymulberry fiber's surface featureSampleCrstallinity CrytallinityCrsallite size(A)degree(%) index( %)01 10IMulberry fiber 60. 2660.2232.25 54.62 54.47中国煤化工Ilberry fiber is lowerthanTYHCNMHG3 ConclusionFig. 2 SEM photomicrograph of degummedmulberry's cross section featureThe chemical components of the mulberry bast were172Joumal of Donghua University (Eng. Ed.) Vol. 24. No.2 (2007)tested. A chemical degumming process and optimumparameters of chemical degumming on mulberry bust wereReferencesobtained. The optimum parameters are as follows: thconcentration of alkali is 14. 59 g/L. the time of alkali[1] N Arun. Study on Few Properties 一Banana Fiber [J].Man-Made Textiles in India, 2000, 43 (2).68 - 70.boiling is 96. 03 min， and the percent of sodium[2] R K Boruah, T Goswami, G C Bhattacharyya. et al.phosphate tribasic is 5. 50%.The properties ofMicrostructural Study of Fibers Extracted from Wildmulberry fiber show that the tenacity and fineness areBanana Plant (MUsa Velutina) by X-ray Line Broadeningclose to that of cotton. The degree of erystallinity ofAnalysis [J]. Indian Journal of Fiber & Texile Reserch,1998, 23(6), 76- 80.mulberry fiber is 60.26%，which is lower than that ofcotton. On the base of the study, the mulberry fiber is[3] Segal L, Creely J J, Martin A E, et al. An EmpircalMethod for Estimating the Degree of Crstallite of Nativeexpected to be spun blended with cotton. The utilizationCellulose Using X-ray Diffractometer [J]. Textile Res. J,of mulberry bast is feasible.1959, 29(10), 786 - 794.(Continued from page 164)45- 47 (in Chinese).[3] L Higgins, s C Anand, D Aholmes, el al. 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