生物活性炭深度处理循环水产养殖废水研究

第37卷第6期水处理技术Vol 37 No 6822011年6月TECHNOLOGY OF WATER TREATMENTJun 2011生物活性炭深度处理循环水产养殖废水研究黄晓婷μ,陈兵μ2,刘伟3,钱宇佳3(1华南理工大学环境科学与工程学院,广东广州510006;2工业聚集区污染控制与生态修复教育部重点实验室,广东广州51003中山大学环境科学与工程学院,广东广州510006摘要:以经过臭氧氧化消毒→机械过滤→生物过滤的养鱼废水为原水,研究了生物活性炭对水产养殖废水中氨氮亚硝态氮和CoD深度处理的效果,并与活性炭吸附处理进行了对比研究.结果表明,在滤速14m·h、进水水温23~30.3℃、pH为735~806、溶解氧质量浓度为60~8lmg·L氨氮质量浓度0.204~0984mgL、亚硝态氮质量浓度0090~1.003mg·L、COD为13.4~2680mg·L4的条件下,生物活性炭对氡氮、亚硝酸盐氪和COD的平均去除率分别达到855%901%和438%。经生物活性炭处理后,出水氧氮和亚硝态氮浓度均达到了花鳗养殖对水质的要求,达标率分别为100%和976%,可以循环回用;在滤速14mh,低进水氧氦、亚硝态氮浓度下,活性炭吸附对氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮凡乎没有去除作用,但对COD的吸附去除率高达523%关镳词:生物活性炭;水产养殖废水;氨氮;亚硝酸盐氮中图分类号:X714文獻标识码:A文章编号:10037702011)06-0082004水产养殖废水主要含氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、有机还对比研究了活性炭(GAC)吸附处理效果。原物质和鱼残等污染物,具有水量大的特点,若不经试验部分过处理直接排放到环境水体中,会造成极大的环境污染反过来也限制水产养殖业的发展。目前有关养殖废1.1试验装置水处理的技术主要有机械滤器、重力分离、化学滤器、GAC与BAC反应器为有机玻璃柱子,工艺尺寸生物滤器、脱氮滤器和植物滤器叩循环水产养殖系统为内径80mm,总高1600m,底部为300mm的(RAS)是近年来发展形成的现代工厂化水产养殖技承托层,炭层填料选用粒径为14-33m的破碎术其技术核心是循环水产养殖水处理技术。目前,许椰壳活性炭,充填高度为1200mm。试验装置示意多研究采用物理过滤+化学氧化消毒生物过滤复合工图见图1艺处理循环水产养殖水习,化学氧化消毒是RAS的必须环节,包括臭氧氧化消毒、紫外光-氯联用消毒*习等。然而,由于养花鳗用水对氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮要求比较高NHN含量≤02mg、NO2N含量≤005取样1电mgL单级生物处理难以达到用水要求。在循环回用系统中,生物处理被认为是一种有效地将氨转化为硝酸盐氮的方法m,例如活性污泥法SBR1湿地叫等。生物活性炭滤池被证明是能同时去除可好交承托层降解有机物和氨氮的有效工艺1。本试验以经臭氧氧化消毒→机械过滤→生物过滤处理的出水为原水,研究生物活性炭(BAC)的深度处理效果,同时图1试验装置收稿日期:20110224基金项目:广东省自然科学基金团队项目(935106410100001作者简介:黄晓婷(1985-),女,硕士研究生研究方向为水处理技术联系电话:15914304268: E-mail: diyeqianxunhxto@163黄晓婷等,生物活性炭深度处理循环水产养殖废水研究12试验方法0.010~0.058mgL,平均值为0.028mg"L,说明试验在BAC挂膜成熟后运行,试验用水为经过BAC滤柱有较好的抗氨氮、亚硝态氮负荷冲击能臭氧氧化消毒→机械过滤→生物过滤处理的养花鳗力。BAC滤柱对氨氮和亚硝态氮的去除率分别为废水,其水质见表1,进水采用上升流方式。进水水678%~984%和589%~983%;出水氨氮、亚硝态温233~30.3℃pH为735~8.06、溶解氧质量浓氮质量浓度基本达到花鰻用水水质要求,达标率分度为60~8mgL,滤速14mh,炭柱不曝气。反冲别为100%976%,可以循环回用。在高滤速14mvh洗采用气水联合反冲洗方式,气冲强度为8Lsm2,下,BAC滤柱对氨氮和亚硝态氮的平均去除效率分水冲强度为12Ls·m2,气冲历时3min,水冲历时别为85.5%和901%,说明BAC滤柱中附着生长的7min,反冲洗周期为24hpH和DO分别用pHs25硝化细菌数量较多,处理能力强。BAC滤柱内部不型pH仪和DO5510氧气及溶氧仪测定,氨氮和亚硝曝气,这是因为根据生物硝化作用的化学计量关系态氮采用 Dataline Photometer( aquaspex australia)仪式",计算出硝化作用的耗氧量为432g“g(O器测定,其它均用国标法测定。NHN)和1.14g"g1(O2NO2N)。BAC滤柱的进表1试验期间BAC进水水质水氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮最大值分别为0.984mgL和数值 NH*-N)mg“L4p(NO-NmgL41.003mg“L,根据计量式可以计算出BAC内硝化国010901014-368细菌的最大耗氧量为539mg4所以在进水溶解04500.360氧质量浓度为60~81mg"L条件下,无需曝气2结果与讨论22BAC对COD的处理效果BAC滤柱对COD的处理效果见图4。由图421BAC的硝化效果可知,在滤速14m·h、进水COD为1344~26.80试验中BAC滤柱对氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮的去除效mgL下,出水COD为558~15.18mgL,出水果见图2图3。由图2图3可知在进水氨氮质量COD平均为1070mg·L,BAC滤柱对COD的去浓度0204-0984mg“L、亚硝态氮质量浓度除率为272%-618%,平均去除率为438%,图4显0.090~1.003mgL,水质波动比较大的情况下示,在试验运行42d的时间里,BAC滤柱对COD的BAC滤柱出水氨氮和亚硝态氮质量浓度都比较稳去除率并没有因运行时间的增加而降低,所以BAC定,出水氨氮质量浓度为0011~0.106mgL,平均滤柱对COD的去除作用主要是由于生物氧化作用。值为0056mgL,出水亚硝态氮质量浓度为005MA图4进出水COD及BAC对其去除率的变化图2进出水氨氮及BAC对其去除率的变化Fig 4 Variation of concentration and removal of cODFig 2 Variation of concentration and removal of ammonium23BAC与GAC的对比研究结果对BAC和GAC做了7组试验,运行条件为-进水滤速14mh,进水温度243~281℃,DO为6.8一去融率81mgL,pH为733~8.21,进水氨氮质量浓度0207~0731mgL、亚硝态氮质量浓度0.39~0764mgL下,COD为16.06~25.76mg"L23.1硝化效果对比图3进出水亚硝态氮及BAC对其去除率的变化BAC和GAC对氨氮和亚硝态氮的处理效果见Fig 3 variation of concentration and removal of nitrite图5图6。由图5、图6可知,BAC对氨氮、亚硝态氮水处理技术第37卷第6期的去除率高达81.1%~897%和88.7%~97.0%,平处理中能同时去除含氮化合物、COD和悬浮颗粒物均去除率分别为855%和934%:GAC吸附除氨氮、等,且停留时间短,日处理能力强,本试验用BAC滤亚硝酸盐氮的效率很低,平均去除率分别只有柱的口处理能力可达16881·d,可以与其它物理4.1%、30%,这和黄晓东研究的结果116%、148%化学技术结合用于循环水产养殖水处理系统中有较大的出入,其原因可能是本试验的进水氨氮、亚硝态氮质量浓度很低,GAC滤柱的滤速比较大,且结论养殖废水中的COD与之存在吸附竞争。BAC对氨在进水氨氮和亚硝态氮质量浓度波动较大的条氮的去除效果比GAC高20倍,显示了生物处理氨件下,BAC滤柱出水氨氮、亚硝态氮值都比较稳定,氮的优越性且出水氨氮、亚硝态氮浓度基本上达到了花鳗用水水质要求,水质达标率分别为100%和976%,BAC表现出较强的抗氨氮和亚硝态氮负荷冲击能力在较高的滤速14mh1下,BAC滤柱对氨氮和亚硝态氮的平均去除率分别达855%、90.1%,说明"0活性炭易于附着生长微生物,BAC滤柱中附着生长BAC去牌案的硝化细菌数量较多BAC滤柱进行期间,BAC对COD的去除效率试验编号并没有随运行时间的增加而下降,表明BAC滤柱上图5BAC与GAC对氨氮的去除效率Fig 5 Removal of ammonium by BAC and GAC附着生长了好氧菌群,COD主要由生物氧化去除其平均去除率为43.8%在滤速14m·h3,低进水氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮质量浓度下,BAC对氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮的去除率是活性目05炭吸附去除率的20多倍。表明生物处理是一种有效0.3地将氨转化为硝酸盐氮的方法BAC去除GAC去限在滤速14mh,进水COD为1606~2576试验mgL下,新炭吸附对COD的平均去除率为图6BAC与GAC对亚硝态氮的去除效率523%,表明活性炭对养鱼废水的有机物具有很强Fig 6 Removal of nitrite by BAC and GAC的吸附能力。232COD的处理效果对比BAC和GAC对COD的去除率见图7。由图7參考文献可知,新炭吸附对COD的平均去除率为523%大 Wheaten F w水产养殖工程M中国水产科学研究院东海水产于BAC的去除率41.9%,表明了活性炭对养殖废水研究所和北京自动化系统工程设计院译北京农业出版社1987的COD有较强的吸附性能。[2] Simonel Sandu, Brian Brazil, Eric Hallerman Efficacy of a pilot-scalewastewater treatment plant upon a commercial aquaculture effluent.Solids and carbonaceous compounds[J]. Aquacultural Engineering,200839:78-90.[3]郭恩彦谭洪新罗国芝等臭氧/生物活性炭深度处理循环养殖废水[环境污染与4]梁咏梅刘超斌刘伟等紫外光氯联用污水消毒削弱拖尾程度一原的实验研究门环境科学学报2010,30(4):762-767BAC去除率[S]梁咏梅,刘超斌,刘伟悬浮颗粒对污水氯消毒“拖尾”现象的影响[门环境科学,2010.31(6):1470-1477试验编图7BAC与GAC对COD的去除效率6]黄东文孙娟花鰻的池塘养殖技术[]科学养鱼,2010:8Fig 7 Removal of COD by BAC and GACfor integrated biological treatment systems活性炭价格便宜,BAC使用寿命长,滤柱占地in recirculating fish culture-a review [].Aquaculture, 1996, 139面积小,基建费用低。BAC滤器用于水产养殖废水[8]黄晓婷等,生物活性炭深度处理循环水产养殖废水研究saline wastewater with high ammonia concentration in an activated [13] Kalkan Cigdem, Yapsakli Kozet, Mertoglu Bulent, et al. Evaluationshudge unit[]. Water Research, 2002, 36: 2555-2560of biological activated carbon (Bac) process in wastewater[9] Campos J L Garrido-Fermindez J M, M6ndez r, et al. Nitrificationtreatment secondary effluent for reclamation purposes pat high ammonia loading rates in an activated sludge unit IDesalination,2011(265):266-273[14刘建广张晓健王占生温度对活性炭滤池处理高氨氮原水硝化[IO] Boopathy R, Bonvillain C, Fontenot Q, et al. Biological treatment的影响中国环境科学,2004,24(2)233-236of low-saliniky shrimp aquaculture wastewater using sequencing [15] Imai A, Iwami n, Matsushige K, et al. Removal of refractory organbatch reactor [] International Biodeterioration& Biodegradation,ics and nitrogen from langfill leachate by the microorganisma2007(59):16-19tached activaed carbon fluidized bed process []. Water Research,[Il] Cassidy D P, Belia E. Nitrogen and phosphorus removal from an199327(1):143-145.abattoir wastewater in a SBR with aerobic granular sludge[J).Water[6】郑平徐向阳胡宝兰新型生物脱氮理论与技术M]北京科学出Research2005(39)48174823版社2004:4546[12] Lin Yingfeng, Jing Shuhrer, Lee Eryuan,etal. Nutrient removal[7]黄晓东李德生吴为中等.生物活性滤池的强化过滤研究[门中from aquaculture wastewater using a constructed wetlands system国给水排水,2001,17(8:10-13[ Aquaculture,2002(209):169-184STUDY ON TERTIARY TREATMENT OF CIRCULATING AQUACULTURE WASTEWATER BYBIOLOGICAL ACTTVATED CARBONHuang Xiaoting" Chen Bing" Liu Wei, Qian Yujia(1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China2. The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, china3. School of Environmental Science and Engineering of Sun Ya-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China)Abstract: hn this paper, wastewater collected from circulating aquaculture, treated by ozone oxidation disinfection, mechanical filter and bio-filter, wastaken as influents, the tertiary treatment of NH, - N, NO-N and CoD in influents by biological activated carbon(Bac)was studied. The active carbonadsorption processing was also investigated. The results showed that undcr the condition of the filtration rate of 14 m h, water temperature of23.3-30.3 C, and the pH of 7.35-8.06 the initial concentrations of NH -N, NO-N, COD and Do in the influents of 0. 204--0.984 mg L-,0.0901.003 mg L, 13. 44-26.80 mg L and 6.0--8.1 mg L respectively, the mean removal rates of NH -N, No, N and Cod by Bac were 85.5%, 90.1%nd 43.8%respectively. The concentrations of NI-N and NO, -N in the effluents were suit for the eel to live, the standards rate were 100% and976%respectively. Under the condition of iltration rate of 14 m-h. low initial concentrations of NH -N, NO -N, active carbon adsorption processing had fewffects on the treatment of NH, - N and NO2-N, but the removal rates of cod by active carbon adsorption was 52.3%.Keywords: biological activated carbon; aquaculture wastewater, ammonia; nitrite上接第81页)STUDY ON MEMBRANE PRETREATMENT FOR SEAWATER REVERSE OSMOSIS SYSTEMIN SHIPZou Shiyang, Zhang Jianping, Wu Junrong, Huang Fumin!, Ding Binquan, Zhu Kangsheng'1. Nowad Medica Research Institute, Shanghai 200433, China: 2. The PLA NO 4812 Factory, Anging, 246016, China)Abstract The membrane pretreatment for seawater reverse osmosis system(SWRO) in ship was investigated by domestic polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)hollow fiber membrane in this paper. The experimental results showed that the membrane pretreatment could ensure filtrating water silt densityindex SDI between 1.9-2.4, turbidity can be reduced to 0.4-0.8 NTU from the raw seawater turbidity reached 350-400 NTU, and flux between99.8-97.6 Lmim under the condition of membrane pretreatment 20 min, medicament and compressed air backwash 2 min, and filtrating waterbackwash 30 s, backwash water discharge 5s. we could back purge with NaCIO and Hydrochloric acid and assisted filtrating water backwash, whichcould help the trans-membrane pressure (TMP)restore to 34-39 kPa. It showed that the system had good anti-pollution performance, steady inperformance, compact in frame, facilitated in operation, and met the correlative standards requirements of ship equipment.Keywords: seawater reverse osmosis; pretreatment; PVDF membrane; ship