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Maturity Control on the Patterns of Hydrocarbon Regeneration from Coal
Rock-Eval pyrolysis and Py-GC experiments on naturally and artificially matured coal samples were carried out. The results suggest that both depolymerization and defuctionalization exist during the maturation and evolution of coal. The patterns of hydrocarbon regeneration are diverse at different stages of the maturation and evolution. When the vitrinite reflectance (R0) is 0.7%- 0.9%, bitumen is the richest in coal while activation energy is the minimum, and the temperature of peak yield is lower than that of primary hydrocarbon generation. However, if reflectance is greater than 0.9%, defunctionalization predominates and the temperature of peak regeneration is shown in lagging compared with the primary hydrocarbon generation. When reflectance is out of the "oil window", the peak temperature of hydrocarbon regeneration and that of the primary hydrocarbon generation seems to be continuous....
2020-06-12 16:16:23浏览：1413
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Coal analysis using the pulsed neutron generator
A prototype of elemental analyzer for coal has been developed by using a PFTNA (pulse fast thermalneutron analysis) system. The PFTNA technology is based on the reactions such as (n, γ), (n, n'γ), (n, Pγ), etc. byexamining the characteristic gamma rays emitted. In our prototype a pulsed neutron generator provides 14 MeV pulseneutrons, which contribute to the separation of spectrum Ⅱ (the sum of capture and activation spectrum) fiom spec-trum Ⅰ (the sum of inelastic, capture and activation spectrum), and thus to the measurement of C and O contents incoal. Data management is completed by computer program using the least-square regression method. The experimentin Changshan Power Plant for 3 months showed that the precision of calorific value, whole water, volatile content andash content is 0.5 k J/kg, 1.0 wt%, 2.0 wt% and 1.5 wt%, respectively....
2020-06-12 16:16:23浏览：1439
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Influence of coal blending on mineral transformation at high temperatures
Transformation of mineral matter is important for coal utilization at high temperatures. This is especially true for blended coal. XRD and FTIR were employed together to study the transformation of mineral matter at high temperature in blended coals. It was found that the concentration of catalytic minerals, namely iron oxides, increases with an increasing ratio of Shenfu coal, which could improve coal gasification. The transformation characteristics of the minerals in blended coals are not exactly predictable from the blend ratio. This was proved by comparing the iron oxide content to the blending ratio. The results from FTIR are comparable with those from XRD. FTIR is an effective method for examining variation in mineral matter....
2020-06-12 16:16:22浏览：1424
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Analysis of Texture of Froth Image in Coal Flotation
Froth image features of coal flotation have been extracted and studied by neighboring grey level dependence matrix, spatial grey level dependence matrix and grey level histogram. In this paper, a basic algorithm of unsupervised learning pattern classification is presented, and coal flotation froth images are classified by means of self-organizing map (SOM). By extracting features from 51 flotation froth images with laboratory column, four types of froth images are classified. The correct rate of SOM cluster is satisfactory. And a good relationship of froth type with average ash content is also observed....
2020-06-12 16:16:21浏览：1421
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Basic equations of channel model for underground coal gasification
The underground coal gasification has advantages of zero rubbish, nonpollution, low cost and high safety. According to the characteristics of the gasification, the channel model of chemical fluid mechanics is used to set up the fluid equations and chemical equations by some reasonable suppositions in this paper, which lays a theoretical foundation on requirements of fluid movement rules in the process of underground coal gasification....
2020-06-12 16:16:21浏览：1433
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Resources of Kaolinite Rocks in China Coal Measures
The proved reserve of kaolinite rocks in China coal measures is about 1. 673 billion tons. The types of kaolinite rocks contain tonstein, flintclay and soft kaolin. Their origin modes include alteration of volcanic ash, terrigenous clay deposit and weathering of coal and adjacent rocks. The organic matter and organic acid play an important role in the formation of kaolinite rocks of coal measures. The difference in properties between kaolinite rock and traditional kaolin requires different processing technologies....
2020-06-12 16:16:19浏览：1412
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Surface characteristics and wetting mechanism of respirable coal dust
In this study,FTIR and XPS spectroscopy,specific surface area and pore size analyses,wetting and other experimental means have been applied to investigate respirable coal dust surface properties and wetting mechanism.The research shows that coal dust surface structures,chemical and element compositions are changed in the refining process of coal dust.Compared with large particle coal dust,respirable coal dust is a weak hydrophilic and strong hydrophobic substance.The reason:the smaller the particle size of coal dust,the more unsaturated its surface.The absorption of air is strong and it is easy to form an air film on coal dust surfaces.Coal dust contact with water is actually a compound contact of liquid in contact with a solid and gas in contact with a solid.The smaller the particle size,the larger the pore volume and the higher the degree of surface roughness,the larger the area of gas in contact with a solid and the worse the coal dust wettability.Another reason is that the changes in the composition of atoms on the dust surface and structures affect coal dust wettability.The results of this study establish a theoretical basis for the invention of effective reduced-dust technology....
2020-06-12 16:16:19浏览：1428
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Landscape architecture and environment improvement of coal enterprises
The coal enterprise's spoiled environment situation was analyzed in this paper. The coal enterprises' environment conditions must be improved under the trend of sustainable development and economic globalization. And it is important for using landscape architecture techniques to improve coal enterprises' environmental conditions. Four principles should be followed to improve the coal enterprises' environment by landscape architect were pointed out....
2020-06-12 16:16:18浏览：1426
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Effect and influence factors of sulfur removal in coal with fungus
The influence of coal desulfurization by fungus was experimentally studied. The results suggest that fungus can effectively remove inorganic and organic sulfur in coal, and main influences of desulfurization by fungus of pH value, temperature, coal slurry concentration and coal granularity were studied by orthodox experiment and the optimal experimental conditions are′as follows: pH value 6, temperature 45 ℃, coal slurry concentration 10% and coal granularity 100 μm. Under above conditions, fungus car remove up to 44.96% total sulfur and 54. 87% inorganic sulfur within two days, and their desulfurization rates will increase along with time. Compared with sulfolobas, desulphurization by fungus is steady and more effective, and has advantage of high speed....
2020-06-12 16:16:17浏览：1432
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Investigation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from coal gasification
The hazardous organic pollutants generated from coal gasification, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs), are highly mutagenic and carcinogenic. More researchers have paid particular attention to them. Using air and steam as gasification medium, the experiments of three kinds of coals were carried out in a bench-scale atmospheric fluidized bed gasifier. The contents of the 16 PAHs specified by US EPA in raw coal, slag, bag house coke, cyclone coke and gas were measured by HPLC to study the contents of PAHs in raw coal and the effects of the inherent characters of coals on the formation and release of PAHs in coal gasification. The experimental results showed that the distributions of PAHs in the gasified products are similar to raw coals and the total-PAHs content in coal gasification is higher than in raw coal(except Coal C). The total-PAHs contents increase and then decrease with the rise of fixed carbon and sulfur of coal while there has an opposite variation when volatile matters content increase. The quantities of PAHs reduce with the increase of ash content or the drop of heating value during coal gasification....
2020-06-12 16:16:12浏览：1426
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Experimental Research and Mathematical Modelling for Coal Reburning in Furnace
Reburning technology is one of the most cost-effective NOx reduction strategies for coal combustion systems. In this paper, a nitric oxide submodel incorporated into a comprehensive coal combustion model was developed for predicting NOx reduction in a 93 kW laboratory-scale coal combustion furnace by reburning. This NO submodel, including reburning mechanism, requires the solution of only two transport equations to model the behavior of NO reduction in the reburning process. A number of experiments have been performed in the same furnace, and the experimental data obtained from the optimized reburn configuration was used to validate the model. Measurements and predictions both show above 50% reduction of NO emissions for the optimized reburning process. Profile comparisons show that the predicted temperature and oxygen concentration match well with the measurements, and the general trend of predicted NO concentration is very similar to that measured. The results of this study show that the present nitric oxide submodel depicts quite well the observed behaviour of NO annihilation in the reburning process. It is expected that this usable and computationally economic model represents a useful tool to simulate the gaseous fuel reburning process for the researchers concerned with practical combustors....
2020-06-12 16:16:12浏览：1438
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Simulation of the interaction of methane, carbon dioxide and coal
Gas adsorption has an important influence on gas flow in a coal body. Research on the characteristics of coal and gas adsorption is the theoretical basis for studying gas flow in coal. In this paper, the interaction between methane, carbon dioxide and surface molecules of anthracite was simulated using the quantum chemistry method. Adsorption energy and adsorption configurations of different quantities of gas mole-cules absorbed on the coal surface were calculated. The results show that adsorption between coal and the two kinds of gas molecules is a physical adsorption process and there is an optimal configuration. Gas molecules are more easily adsorbed in the hydroxyl-containing side chain, while it is difficult for them to be adsorbed at the position of the benzene ring. Besides, carbon dioxide molecules are more readily adsorbed on the coal surface than methane molecules. The findings have an important signifi-cance in revealing the nature of gas adsorption in coal....
2020-06-12 16:16:10浏览：1435
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Theories and techniques of coal bed methane control in China
Coal bed methane control with low permeability is a hot issue at present.The current status of coal bed methane control in China is introduced.The government-support policies on coal bed methane control are presented.This paper proposes the theories of methane control in depressurized mining,including methane extraction in depressurized mining,simultaneous mining technique of coal and methane without coal pillar,and circular overlying zone for high-efficiency methane extraction in coal seams with low permeability.The techniques of methane control and related instruments and equipments in China are introduced.On this basis,the problems related to coal bed methane control are addressed and further studies are pointed out....
2020-06-12 16:16:10浏览：1431
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The Mineral Transformation of Huainan Coal Ashes in Reducing Atmospheres
By using the advanced instrumentation of a Computer Controlled Scanning Electron Microscope (CCSEM),X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF), the ash composition and the mineral components of six typical Huainan coals of different origins were studied. The transformation of mineral matter at high temperatures was tracked by XRD in reducing conditions. The quartz phase decreased sharply and the anorthite content tended to increase at first and then decreased with increasing temperatures. The formed mullite phase reached a maximum at 1250 ℃ but showed a tendency of slow decline when the temperature was over 1250 ℃. The mullite formed in the heating process was the main reason of the high ash melting temperature of Huainan coals. Differences in peak intensity of mullite and anorthite reflected differences in phase concentration of the quenched slag fractions, which contributed to the differences in ash melting temperatures. The differences in the location of an amorphous hump maximum indicated differences of glass types which may affect ash melting temperatures. For Huainan coal samples with relatively high ash melting temperatures, the intensity of the diffraction lines for mullite under reducing condition is high while for the samples with relatively low ash melting temperature the intensity for anorthite is high....
2020-06-12 16:16:09浏览：1417
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Surface Modification Mechanism of Fine Coal by Electrochemical Methods
In order to reveal the surface modification mechanism of fine coal by electrochemical methods, the structural changes of the coal surface before and after electrochemical modification were investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra (FTIR) and Raman Spectra. The results show that under certain electrochemical conditions, the oxygen-containing functional group in the coal structure and the oxygen content of absorption could be reduced and the floatability of coal improved. At the same time, the sulfur in the coal was reduced to the hydrophilic S2- which could be separated easily from coal. Thus electrochemical modification methods could be used to change the structure and functional group on the coal surface and to enhance the floatability of coal....
2020-07-02 21:23:04浏览：1437
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